12/14/2023 0 Comments Saltpeter military![]() ![]() ![]() Fullones (launderers) stomped on the contents to get the dirt out, then rinsed the clothes in water and dried them. Some fullonicae (Roman laundries) obtained their supply of urine directly from public urinals via pipes.Īt the fullonicae, the urine was allowed to rot for three days before being put into vats with piles of dirty clothes. By the 1st century CE, vessels for collecting urine were placed at street corners, outside inns, and inside Roman baths, and the emperor Vespasian even imposed a tax on its collection. Ammonia is one of the central ingredients of modern household cleaners as well, which explains stale urine’s use as a common clothes cleanser in the Roman Empire. Urea decomposes into carbon dioxide and ammonia (that’s what gives urine its pungent smell). Dave & Margie Hill, Flickr // CC BY-SA 2.0 In this stall, laundry workers in ancient Rome cleaned clothes with a mix of urine and clay. The Romans cleaned their clothes with urine. how watery your pee is), pH, and ammonium concentration do come into play, urea is the MVP. Though other factors like urine osmolality (a.k.a. An increase in urea concentration boosts its antibacterial activity. Urine does have an antibacterial property directly correlated to the concentration of urea, the main metabolite in urine. And in 1675, The Accomplish’d Lady’s Delight in Preserving, Physick, Beautifying, and Cookery suggested washing one’s face in urine “ to make it Fair.” (A writer actually tried this in 2016, with mixed results.) Fioravanti quickly urinated on the detached nose before surgically reattaching it to the soldier’s face. He suggested a concoction of stale urine and ashes of roasted oyster shells “ for the cure of eruptions on the bodies of infants."ĭuring the Renaissance, an Italian doctor named Leonardo Fioravanti witnessed a Spanish soldier lose his nose in a brawl. Pliny the Elder recommended urine for treating scorpion stings, snake bites, rabid dog bites, sores, burns, and many other conditions. Urine has been used as an antiseptic for at least 2000 years.īefore modern medicine, when a small wound could potentially end your life, urine emerged as a primitive antiseptic. Here are nine ways in which urine has contributed toward the development of humankind. ![]() This smelly, watery, urea-rich fluid comes in different shades of yellow (depending on your water intake) and sometimes green or orange (depending on the medicines you ingest). World War I soldiers in Ypres tied urine-soaked socks to their faces as protection against chemical warfare. David Bowie reportedly kept his in the refrigerator. You may not have realized it, but urine is your body’s own liquid gold, with many surprising uses and qualities. ![]()
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12/14/2023 0 Comments Idrive personal delete computer![]() ![]()
12/14/2023 0 Comments C 14 dating![]() ![]() Recent developments in instrumentation have enabled radiocarbon dating to be conducted at archaeological sites rather than in a dedicated laboratory. With this technique, a sample’s 14C atoms are directly counted, meaning that samples can be much smaller. More recently, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has become widely available. Sample sizes of one gram or greater are required for conventional dates. The conventional method of radiocarbon dating involves counting beta particles, which are emitted when 14C atoms in a sample decay. Radiocarbon dating is useful for dating organic materials as old as 45,000 to 50,000 years, after which little 14C remains in the sample. The first dated materials included wood from Egyptian tombs, linen wrapping from one of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and heartwood from a California sequoia. The first radiocarbon studies conducted by Libby focused on a variety of organic materials whose age was known or suggested through previous research. Libby also developed a detector sensitive enough to measure the amount of 14C in a sample. Organic matter derived from animals can also be dated since animals absorb 14C into their bodies by eating plants or by consuming animals that eat plants. By measuring how much 14C is left in the dead plant material, it is possible to determine when the plant died. This amount of time is known as the radioactive half-life. The time that it takes for one half of the 14C in a sample to decay to 14N is about 5,730 years. The plant’s remains gradually lost 14C at a constant rate through radioactive decay to Nitrogen-14 ( 14N). After a plant died, it could no longer absorb 14C. ![]() Carbon-14 is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis. Libby surmised that traces of 14C could always be found in carbon dioxide in the air. It had been shown that 14C is continually being produced by cosmic rays colliding with atmospheric nitrogen. The isotope, Carbon-14, abbreviated as 14C (the isotope number is followed by the element) was isolated in 1940 by two of Libby’s students while working on the Manhattan Project. While Willard Libby received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1960 for his contributions to the development of the radiocarbon dating method, the process that led to the discovery of this method began much earlier. Radiocarbon dating has made a substantive contribution to our understanding of Colorado prehistory by allowing archaeologists to place excavated sites in chronological order and allowing comparison of contemporary archaeological cultures. ![]() Developed by a chemist born in Colorado, there are now commercial and academic laboratories across the globe that conduct radiocarbon dating. From the discovery of Carbon-14 to radiocarbon dating of fossils, we can see what an essential role Carbon has played and continues to play in our lives today.Radiocarbon dating is the most common technique used in ascertaining the age of archaeological and paleontological sites during the last 45,000 years. Although it may be seen as outdated, many labs still use Libby's half-life in order to stay consistent in publications and calculations within the laboratory. We now use what is known as the Cambridge half-life of 5730+/- 40 years for Carbon-14. Throughout the years, measurement tools have become more technologically advanced, allowing researchers to be more precise. From that point on, scientists have used these techniques to examine fossils, rocks, and ocean currents as well as to determine age and event timing. The accuracy of this proposal was proven by dating a piece of wood from an Ancient Egyptian barge, the age of which was already known. Using this hypothesis, the initial half-life he determined was 5568, give or take 30 years. Using this finding, Willard Libby and his team at the University of Chicago proposed that Carbon-14 was unstable and underwent a total of 14 disintegrations per minute per gram. They found a form, an isotope, of Carbon that contained 8 neutrons and 6 protons. In 1940, Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben at the University of California, Berkeley Radiation Laboratory did just that. Before Radiocarbon dating was discovered, someone had to find the existence of the 14C isotope. He demonstrated the accuracy of radiocarbon dating by accurately estimating the age of wood from a series of samples for which the age was known, including an ancient Egyptian royal barge dating from 1850 BCE. In 1960, Libby was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for this work. ![]() Libby estimated that the steady-state radioactivity concentration of exchangeable carbon-14 would be about 14 disintegrations per minute (dpm) per gram. Emilio Segrè asserted in his autobiography that Enrico Fermi suggested the concept to Libby at a seminar in Chicago that year. The technique of radiocarbon dating was developed by Willard Libby and his colleagues at the University of Chicago in 1949. ![]() 12/14/2023 0 Comments Summarize tool alteryx![]() Select ‘Sex’ from the first section and add it to the Actions with ‘Count’.Select ‘Sex’ from the first section and add it to the Actions with ‘Group by’.Select ‘Age Range’ from the first section and add it to the Actions with ‘Group by’.In the second one all the fields contained the output will be displayed as we add them, they will be displayed in the same order they will be put in the output (Actions).In the first one all the database’s fields are shown (Fields). ![]() In the configuration tool we have two different sections:.Connect a Summarize tool directly to your workflow.Using a Summarize tool is the best way to aggregate data vertically to create some sort of Excel’s Pivot Table. We can use Summarize tool to handle with this The aim is to have a database made up of three different field (‘Age Range’, ‘Sex’, ‘Count_Sex’) because we want to know in each ‘Age Range’ how many men and how women there are. ![]() In Alteryx there is not a specific function to create a Pivot Table but we can reach the same result in a very simple way, we can use a Summarize tool to aggregate data verticallyįor this example, we have a database made up of three fields (Name, Sex, Age Range) as shown below Let’s explore how to create a pivot table in Alteryx. This summary might include sums, averages, or other statistics, which the pivot table groups together using a chosen aggregation function applied to the grouped values. Pivot tables are a very useful tool in Microsoft Excel used to group and summarize data of a more extensive table within one or more discrete categories. ![]() 12/14/2023 0 Comments Office task chair![]() Let’s explore the four most important signs that you may (or may not) need a new chair. Sometimes it’s obvious that you need a new chair, other times it may seem a little more doubtful. Know When It’s Time to Replace Your Task Chair An adjustable monitor arm can help you keep your seat height appropriate without compromising on the position of your monitor. However, your eyes also need to be aligned with your monitor (ideally eye level will be just below the top line of text on your screen). There should be no pressure on the back of your thighs. Lower the height of your chair until your feet can rest on the floor, with your knees at a 90-degree angle. Getting your seat height right is critical. Improper support for your lower back can lead to sore muscles and long-term back pain. Your chair’s backrest should be positioned so that the lumbar support aligns with the small of your back. Armrests should be configured to help your elbows rest so that your forearms and upper arms form a 90 to 110-degree angle. Rest your arms by appropriately adjusting your armrests. Get the most out of your chair and reduce your risk of ergonomic injury by keeping these in mind. There are a few guidelines to remember when using a task chair. Where you are going to land within that range will depend on several factors: Ultimately, what most businesses expect when they want to buy a task chair can be purchased for between $450 and $1000. Alternatively, you could find a premium chair that also looks like a task chair but costs more than $2000. You could conceivably find a product that is called a task chair for less than $100 online. The cost of a task chair is highly variable. ![]() Where you go from there is up to you! How Much Do Task Chairs Cost? This list will at least ensure you have a quality ergonomic chair. Others want to change the depth of their chair’s seat pan. For example, some people swear by chairs with a forward tilt mechanism. This list is far from exhaustive there are plenty of other excellent features that could make your life more comfortable at work. However, there are still a few vital ergonomic features that any task chair worth its salt will have: It largely depends on your personal preference and how much you plan on using it. Task chairs can come loaded with dozens of fancy features or stripped down to the barest essentials. Most quality chairs will provide at minimum lumbar support, adjustable armrests and an adjustable height.Įrgonomic Features You Need in Your Task Chair Task chairs are designed to promote productivity and provide ergonomic support to your body for extended periods throughout the day. Task chairs, or desk chairs as they are often called, are so ubiquitous in the office that many people refer to them as “office chairs.” How comfortable is your chair? What is Task Seating? The only piece of furniture that most people interact with more is the mattress on which they sleep. ![]() The average office worker spends as much as 1700 hours a year in their task chair, making task chairs arguably the most crucial piece of furniture you purchase for your office. There are enough distractions at work-don’t let an uncomfortable chair or a sore back be one of them. ![]() 12/14/2023 0 Comments Help with microsoft publisher![]() Each page of your publication is saved as a JPEG picture that you can upload to a photo center website for printing. ![]() Online photo printing options have never been so convenient, and now you can save your publications specifically for photo printing. Select the text and click Text Effects on the Text Box Tools – Format tab. You can also apply new effects to the text in your publications: Choose from new shadows, reflections glows, and bevels. It combines the power of language models with your business data and contextincluding all your Microsoft 365 apps, documents, and conversations. Select the picture and click Picture Effects on the Picture Tools – Format tab. Introducing Microsoft 365 Copilot The new Microsoft 365 Copilot experience works alongside you, embedded in the apps you use every dayincluding Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, and Teams. ![]() From within your publication, right-click a picture, choose Apply to Background, and then click either Fill to expand the picture to take up the entire background, or Tile to fill your background with tiles of your picture.Ĭhoose from the many new picture effects available in Publisher 2013 to apply shadows, reflections, glow, soft edges, bevels, and 3-D rotations to your pictures. Your pictures make impressive backgrounds for your publication pages. Release the mouse button and the swap is complete. To swap two pictures, either both on the page or with one in the scratch area, select one picture and drag it by the mountain icon to the other picture until a pink highlight appears around the picture. When you choose several pictures at one time, Publisher places them in a column in the scratch area.įrom the scratch area you can drag a picture onto the publication page and drag it back off again, or swap one picture for another if you don’t like the way a layout looks. Publisher 2013 makes it easier to work with batches of photos. Publisher 2013 lets you search for pictures in one place, whether they’re on your computer, in the clip art gallery, or on the web. ![]() Microsoft Publisher 2013 offers new ways to work with your pictures, so you can move them around, swap them, and add visual pop to your publications with new picture and text effects. Read more about this change at From SkyDrive to OneDrive. Note: SkyDrive is now OneDrive, and SkyDrive Pro is now OneDrive for Business. ![]() 12/14/2023 0 Comments Alchemy stars beryl![]() ![]() Areia is strongest in non-captain positions Beryl is very much a captain type. Largely, this will put Beryl outside of top-tier range, but not so much so that she's a bad unit.Īlso, Beryl doesn't really compete with Areia. Which is a problem, don't get me wrong (and maybe what the guy in the discord was referring to). The issue with Beryl post-buffs is mostly consistency issues she didn't improve much from pre-buffs unless you can hit high chains consistently over a typical burst window of 4 turns to reach that high of skill multiplier consistency. The game doesn’t require you to make 50k dmg per tile anyways, so enjoy using different units with diverse kits even if they aren’t meta, you’ll have way more fun this way.Īnyone who says Beryl can't be a DPS is either being very imprecise with their language or just haven't considered the numbers very carefully.Ĥ50% multiplier that ignores defense in Detonator style AOE over 4 turns with Equipment is competitive with just about any Detonator out there (most actives can't reach 450% damage on 3 turn CD/4 turn total, and they don't get to ignore defense) and Beryl reaches that with her Equipment if you assume 3 turn CD/4 turn burst windows. Every character is viable and strong enough if put enough resources on them. ![]() There are other options other than meta units. ![]() I find Areia to be quite boring tbf, so I’m using Beryl.Īlso, Discord trashes whoever isn’t considered meta and doesn’t have a 1 turn CD skill, so don’t mind them. At this point it comes down to which one you prefer the most. Sure, Beryl has that weakness, but also Areia with her debuff isn’t all that either, she’s quite risky. I would honestly put her and Areia in the same tier now. Her weak point is just that her crystal damage is not consistent, but when it does, her combo chain + crystal damage can reach up to 20k per tile (no mbt), so she’s quite good tbh. She’s actually become a pretty solid unit in my eyes. ![]() 12/14/2023 0 Comments Youtube im on a boat![]() T-Pain)" has garnered more than 250,000 likes. Like other music videos by the group, it has inspired the creation of many parodies and spin-offs on YouTube. As of February 2013, a Facebook page titled "I'm on a Boat (ft. I’m on a Boat is a music video parodying various rap clichs by the comedy group The Lonely Island featuring auto-tuned vocals by rapper T-Pain. On December 28th, YouTube pantlessknights submitted an Apple fanboy version of the video (shown below, right), which accumulated over 2.02 million views and 10,000 comments within four years. I’m on a Boat is a music video parodying various rap clichés by the comedy group The Lonely Island featuring auto-tuned vocals by rapper T-Pain. song 1 - The Lonely Island - Im On A Boat (Feat T-Pain) Addeddate 18:08:42 Identifier ImOnABoat. On December 3rd, the song received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration. On October 19th, YouTuber ej6inmiami uploaded a balloon boy parody of the video (shown below, left), receiving upwards of 900,000 views and 4,500 comments in the coming four years. Within four years the video received over 231,000 views and 700 comments ![]() On September 4th, YouTuber tadpole256 uploaded a video in which sailors lip sync the Lonely Island song while aboard a Navy vessel (shown below, right). Within the next four years, the video accumulated more than 1.09 million views and 7,000 comments. On May 2nd, 2009, YouTuber CardGamesFTW uploaded a parody titled "I'm on a Blimp," featuring footage from the animated television series Yu-Gi-Oh (shown below, left). Several YouTubers began making parody versions of the video set in a variety of contexts. ![]() The video parodied clichés often found in rap music videos, including "Big Pimpin'" by rapper Jay-Z. On June 16th, it was uploaded to the LonelyIslandVevo YouTube channel (shown below), where it received over 24.7 million views and 17,500 comments over the next four years. The song debuted on the sketch comedy television show Saturday Night Live as a digital short on February 7th, 2009. ![]() 12/14/2023 0 Comments Safe travel program hawaii![]() ![]() Take a picture of your vaccination card and upload it. In a survey released last month, USTOA members said that Hawaii was the third most popular domestic choice for consumers, following the National Parks and Alaska. Go to the Hawaii Safe Travels Digital Platform, Create an account or use your existing account. Hawaii’s government had long focused on the return of its travel sector, which had proved resilient despite the state having some of the stricter COVID-19-era travel rules.Įven with the restrictions, Hawaii remained one of the top domestic destinations in 2021 according to members of the United States Tour Operators Association (USTOA). Ige to reportedly consider adding a booster-shot requirement for domestic visitors (Ige announced last month that he and his team had decided against it). Honolulu Mayor Rick Blangiardi said that changes to include a COVID-19 booster shot to Safe Access Oahu, remain under consideration as Gov. Published on OctoA year since Hawaii launched its 'Safe Travels' program, requiring domestic visitors to arrive with proof of a negative test or proof of vaccination, state. The variant’s impact was strong enough to compel Gov. If you are transiting through an island or island hopping, a trip detail needs to be entered for each leg of trip. Transpacific travelers may only enter the trip information for the leg of travel to Hawaii. The plan had always been for Hawaii to start to loosen restrictions once its residents were at least 70% vaccinated and once case counts dropped, but Omicron’s surge changed that timeline. 'Select the Trips icon on the Home Screen. The state will continue to enforce its indoor mask mandate, the last remaining U.S. Right now, we are seeing lower case counts, and hospitalizations are coming down," Ige said in a statement. "The program put in place safety protocols that included a multi-layered screening and testing approach that kept our communities safe during the COVID-19 surgery that endangered the most vulnerable of our citizens. Travel, continue to push for a removal of that rule).Īccording to Ige, the motivation behind the program was to “protect the health, lives, and livelihoods of the people of Hawaii,” and now, with lower case counts (daily new cases are down to below 200 from above 6,200 in early January) and hospitalizations continuing to drop, the state feels comfortable enough to drop the requirements. rules, which require inbound travelers to provide proof of a negative test taken within 24 hours before departure and proof of vaccination (industry groups, including ASTA and U.S. International travelers will still have to abide by U.S. David Ige confirmed this week that the state’s Safe Travels program will come to an end after March 25, allowing domestic visitors to travel to Hawaii without having to show proof of vaccination or a negative test result, and without having to quarantine upon arrival. Currently, the Safe Travels Program requirements. ![]() The unwinding of Hawaii’s COVID-19 travel rules continues. Hawaiis Safe Travel program remains in effect for domestic travelers coming into Hawaii from other states. ![]() 12/14/2023 0 Comments Ending to dead frontier outbreak 2![]() More importantly though, the game just runs so much better than its predecessors, allowing players to relax, become immersed, and actually enjoy the story being told, and the world in which it is being told. It’s not up there with AAA titles, of course, but for the type of experience, TWD: A New Frontier certainly delivers in the visual department. Color is enhanced, texture detail is much improved, and the overall presentation just looks like a more modern game. The new design aesthetic still retains the comic book styling while upgrading the graphics in a number of significant ways. While they all might converge into the same story later on, Telltale still does a great job of keeping players feeling like every choice they make could be life or death for Javier, or one of his family members. On more than one occasion I found myself almost maxing out the timer, trying to think out the options that were laid out in front of me. ![]() There are also a lot of make or break choices that you have to make. There are a couple of real shocks along the way, including one “oh f***” moment for me. The story mostly follows Javier and his family. ![]() Of course, with such divergent endings, it was clear that Telltale would have to do some hand waving, but a more deft approach would have been better. It is great storytelling, though the way it handles the ending of Season 2 leaves a bit to be desired. Via flashbacks we catch glimpses of what has shaped Clem in the intervening years, causing her to lose a lot of the spark and life that she once had while still retaining some semblance of the girl that Lee taught so well. Now a much harder, and fiercer woman than before, the questions that linger are many. ![]() We also meet up with Clementine, who has apparently suffered even greater hardships than we witnessed through the first two seasons. ![]() |
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